C Capital Holdings AG

Crescent Capital BDC, Inc. functions as a Business Development Company (BDC), managing a fund dedicated to private equity, leveraged buyouts, and providing loan capital. The firm's strategy centers on making direct investments, with a specific focus on the middle market segment. Its investment mandate is exclusively for opportunities within the United States.

Crescent Capital is a global alternative investment manager that focuses on corporate credit, investing in debt securities across both private and tradeable markets. The firm provides customized capital solutions, including direct lending and structured products, to institutional investors, financial sponsors, and corporate borrowers.

FS KKR Capital Corp. operates as a Business Development Company (BDC) with a primary investment focus on debt instruments. The firm delivers bespoke financing options specifically tailored for privately held, mid-sized American enterprises. Its investment portfolio predominantly comprises senior secured debt, though it also allocates a smaller portion to subordinated debt issued by these same private U.S. middle-market firms. The company acquires stakes in these loans either by participating in secondary market transactions or by directly providing capital to target companies as primary market investments. Its debt investment spectrum further includes first-lien and second-lien senior secured loans, alongside, to a lesser degree, subordinated or mezzanine loans. As part of its debt financing arrangements, the firm frequently obtains equity participation, such as warrants or options, serving as supplementary compensation. Beyond debt, FS KKR may also acquire non-controlling stakes in common or preferred equity of its target companies, either alongside a debt investment or through co-investment partnerships with financial sponsors. Furthermore, when opportunities arise, the fund is open to investing in corporate bonds and comparable fixed-income instruments. The fund explicitly avoids investments in nascent start-ups, companies undergoing turnaround situations, or those presenting speculative business models. Its focus remains squarely on established small to mid-sized enterprises located within the United States, specifically targeting firms with annual revenues ranging from $10 million to $2.5 billion. For private upper middle-market companies, FS KKR emphasizes comprehensive "one-stop" credit solutions, targeting those with annual EBITDA between $50 million and $100 million at the time of investment. When divesting from its securities, the company typically utilizes privately negotiated over-the-counter sales. For less liquid or illiquid holdings, alternative exit strategies include debt repayment, an initial public offering (IPO) of the underlying company, a merger, an outright sale, or a recapitalization event.

Gladstone Capital Corporation functions as a Business Development Company (BDC) primarily focused on the lower middle market in the United States. The firm engages in a variety of investment strategies, including providing growth capital, supporting add-on acquisitions, facilitating change-of-control transactions, executing buy-and-build models, and refinancing existing debt. It also makes private equity investments in the form of acquisitions, buyouts, recapitalizations, and refinancing. Its debt offerings are extensive, encompassing senior term loans, revolving credit facilities, secured first and second lien term loans, senior subordinated loans, unitranche facilities, junior subordinated loans, and mezzanine financing. For equity, Gladstone Capital invests through common stock, preferred stock, limited liability company (LLC) interests, and warrants, generally preferring to acquire minority stakes. The company targets small and medium-sized enterprises with annual sales ranging from $20 million to $150 million and EBITDA between $3 million and $25 million, typically investing $7 million to $30 million per company. While maintaining an industry-agnostic approach, it shows particular interest in sectors such as business services, specialized manufacturing, niche industrial products and services, unique consumer products and services, energy services, transportation and logistics, healthcare and educational services, specialty chemicals, media and communications, and aerospace and defense. The fund plans to exit its investments through strategic sales to industry participants or financial buyers, initial public offerings (IPOs), or other capital market transactions.

Prospect Capital Corporation operates as a Business Development Company (BDC), providing capital solutions primarily to middle-market private companies. It offers a comprehensive suite of financing solutions across various business stages, including mature entities, later-stage and emerging growth firms, and those undergoing leveraged buyouts, refinancing, acquisitions, recapitalizations, or turnarounds. The firm also allocates capital for growth initiatives, development projects, capital expenditures, and actively participates in marketplace lending and bridge transactions. Its investment approach is highly diversified, encompassing a broad range of debt instruments such as secured, senior, unitranche, first-lien, second-lien, and private debt, alongside mezzanine debt and equity investments in privately held and smaller publicly traded enterprises. The company also invests in specialized areas like subordinated debt tranches of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and cash flow term loans. A significant portion of its activities involves real estate investments, particularly within the multi-family residential asset class. Prospect Capital's capital deployment supports various scenarios, including debt financings for private equity sponsors, corporate acquisitions, dividend recapitalizations, growth funding, bridge loans, and real estate financings. It specifically targets small to medium-sized private companies, distinguishing itself from those focusing on larger public corporations. Geographically, the firm primarily invests in companies located in the United States and Canada. While maintaining a broad industry focus, with pronounced expertise in the energy and industrial sectors, its investment scope encompasses a vast range of industries such as aerospace and defense, chemicals, consumer services, electronics, financial services, healthcare, information technology, manufacturing, media, and utilities, among many others. This extensive list also includes conglomerate services, ecological, machinery, pharmaceuticals, retail, software, specialty minerals, textiles and leather, transportation, oil and gas production, coal production, materials, industrials, consumer discretionary, pipeline, storage, power generation and distribution, renewable and clean energy, oilfield services, food and beverage, education, business services, and other select sectors. For individual transactions, the fund typically commits between $10 million and $500 million. It seeks companies with an EBITDA ranging from $5 million to $150 million, sales values between $25 million and $500 million, and enterprise values from $5 million to $1,000 million. For larger opportunities, Prospect Capital actively participates in co-investments. Furthermore, it pursues opportunities for control-oriented acquisitions by deploying capital across various tiers of a company's capital structure and engages in flexible deal structures, including sole, agented, club, or syndicated transactions, often focusing on both primary origination and secondary loan portfolios.

CION Investment Corporation operates as a Business Development Company (BDC) with a core focus on providing capital to middle-market businesses. It specializes in various debt instruments, including senior secured loans (such as unitranche, First Lien, and second lien loans), long-term subordinated loans, mezzanine debt, corporate bonds, and other debt securities. Additionally, the firm acquires equity interests, like warrants or options, in these target companies. CION supports diverse corporate initiatives, ranging from funding for growth and acquisitions to leveraged buyouts, market and product expansion, refinancing existing debt, and recapitalization efforts. Up to 30% of its assets may also be allocated to opportunistic investments, which can include securities issued by larger public corporations and foreign holdings. The company actively participates in the secondary loan market but explicitly avoids investing in start-up ventures, companies undergoing turnaround situations, or those with speculative business models. Its investment activities are predominantly focused within the United States. CION demonstrates a broad investment appetite across numerous sectors, including high technology, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, business services, media, chemicals, plastics, rubber, telecommunications, consumer services, advertising, printing and publishing, consumer goods (both durables and non-durables), diversified financials, homebuilding, restaurants, hospitality (beverage and tobacco bars), broadcasting, various distribution channels, food and beverage, energy (oil, gas, and consumables fuels), insurance, aerospace and defense, industrial machinery, paper and forest products, information technology, metals and mining, and real estate. Typically, the firm commits between $5 million and $50 million per investment to companies generating an EBITDA of $25 million to $75 million, with an average target hold size of $25 million. CION also acquires minority stakes, in the form of either common or preferred equity, within target companies. These equity investments are generally made in conjunction with its debt offerings or through co-investments alongside financial sponsors. Successful exits from its investments are usually achieved via an initial public offering (IPO), a merger, a direct sale, or other recapitalization events.